Main page Compare countries Index countries Index fields

Query:
Jah-Jah.pl / Index countries / Arctic Ocean (2001) - Mali (2006) / Compare countries
##ciekawa_strona##

Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) - Mali (2006)

Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) z Mali (2006)

 Arctic Ocean (2001)Mali (2006)
 Arctic OceanMali
Administrative divisions - 8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou
Age structure - 0-14 years: 48.2% (male 2,857,670/female 2,787,506)


15-64 years: 48.8% (male 2,804,344/female 2,910,097)


65 years and over: 3% (male 146,458/female 210,754) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products - cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats
Airports - 29 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 9


2,438 to 3,047 m: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 20


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 6


under 914 m: 8 (2006)
Area total:
14.056 million sq km

note:
includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
total: 1.24 million sq km


land: 1.22 million sq km


water: 20,000 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Background The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean. The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, what formerly made up the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 by a coup that ushered in democratic government. President Alpha KONARE won Mali's first democratic presidential election in 1992 and was reelected in 1997. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, KONARE stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou TOURE.
Birth rate - 49.82 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget - revenues: $764 million


expenditures: $828 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2002 est.)
Capital - name: Bamako


geographic coordinates: 12 39 N, 8 00 W


time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February)
Coastline 45,389 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution - adopted 12 January 1992
Country name - conventional long form: Republic of Mali


conventional short form: Mali


local long form: Republique de Mali


local short form: Mali


former: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic
Death rate - 16.89 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external - $2.8 billion (2002)
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Terrence P. MCCULLEY


embassy: Rue Rochester NY and Rue Mohamed V, Bamako


mailing address: B. P. 34, Bamako


telephone: [223] 222-5470


FAX: [223] 222-3712
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Abdoulaye DIOP


chancery: 2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 332-2249, 939-8950


FAX: [1] (202) 332-6603
Disputes - international some maritime disputes (see littoral states) none
Economic aid - recipient - $472.1 million (2002)
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals. Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area desert or semidesert and with a highly unequal distribution of income. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. Mali is heavily dependent on foreign aid and vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices for cotton, its main export, along with gold. The government has continued its successful implementation of an IMF-recommended structural adjustment program that is helping the economy grow, diversify, and attract foreign investment. Mali's adherence to economic reform and the 50% devaluation of the CFA franc in January 1994 have pushed up economic growth to a sturdy 5% average in 1996-2005. Worker remittances and external trade routes for the landlocked country have been jeopardized by continued unrest in neighboring Cote d'Ivoire.
Electricity - consumption - 762.6 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh; note - recent hydropower developments may be providing electricity to Senegal and Mauritania (2003)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - production - 820 million kWh (2003)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Fram Basin -4,665 m

highest point:
sea level 0 m
lowest point: Senegal River 23 m


highest point: Hombori Tondo 1,155 m
Environment - current issues endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups - Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%
Exchange rates - Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001)
Executive branch - chief of state: President Amadou Toumani TOURE (since 8 June 2002)


head of government: Prime Minister Ousmane Issoufi MAIGA (since 30 April 2004)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 12 May 2002 (next to be held April 2007); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Amadou Toumani TOURE elected president; percent of vote - Amadou Toumani TOURE 64.4%, Soumaila CISSE 35.6%
Exports - NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities - cotton, gold, livestock
Exports - partners - China 25.2%, Pakistan 12.8%, Thailand 8.7%, Taiwan 6.7%, Italy 4.5% (2005)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description - three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 45%


industry: 17%


services: 38% (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 6.1% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 90 00 N, 0 00 E 17 00 N, 4 00 W
Geography - note major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: 1.8%


highest 10%: 40.4% (1994)
Imports - NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities - petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles
Imports - partners - France 13.1%, Senegal 13.1%, Cote d'Ivoire 8.5% (2005)
Independence - 22 September 1960 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining
Infant mortality rate - total: 107.58 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 117.32 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 97.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 4.5% (2002 est.)
International organization participation - ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OIF, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land - 2,360 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch - Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Labor force - 3.93 million (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture: 80%


industry and services: 20% (2001 est.)
Land boundaries - total: 7,243 km


border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km
Land use - arable land: 3.76%


permanent crops: 0.03%


other: 96.21% (2005)
Languages - French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
Legal system - based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court (which was formally established on 9 March 1994); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 14 and 28 July 2002 (next to be held July 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Hope 2002 coalition 66, ADEMA 51, other 30
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 49 years


male: 47.05 years


female: 51.01 years (2006 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 46.4%


male: 53.5%


female: 39.6% (2003 est.)
Location body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle Western Africa, southwest of Algeria
Map references Arctic Region Africa
Maritime claims - none (landlocked)
Military branches - Army, Air Force, National Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $106.3 million (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.9% (2005 est.)
National holiday - Independence Day, 22 September (1960)
Nationality - noun: Malian(s)


adjective: Malian
Natural hazards ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding
Natural resources sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales) gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower


note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited
Net migration rate - -6.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda TRAORE, party chairman]; Hope 2002 (a coalition of CNID, MPR, RDT, and RPM); National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL, chairman]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME, secretary general]; Patriotic Movement for Renewal or MPR [Choguel MAIGA]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA, chairman]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Bamou TOURE, secretary general]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY]; Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Soumaila CISSE]
Political pressure groups and leaders - Patriotic Movement of the Ghanda Koye or MPGK; United Movement and Fronts of Azawad or MFUA
Population - 11,716,829 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line - 64% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate - 2.63% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US) -
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM 28, shortwave 1


note: the shortwave station in Bamako has seven frequencies and five transmitters and relays broadcasts for China Radio International (2001)
Railways - total: 729 km


narrow gauge: 729 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Religions - Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1%
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: domestic system unreliable but improving; provides only minimal service


domestic: network consists of microwave radio relay, open-wire, and radiotelephone communications stations; expansion of microwave radio relay in progress


international: country code - 223; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 75,000 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 869,600 (2005)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (plus repeaters) (2001)
Terrain central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge) mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast
Total fertility rate - 7.42 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate - 14.6% (2001 est.)
Waterways - 1,815 km (2005)
Sitemap: Compare countries listing (map site) | Country listing (map site)
Links: Add to favorites | Information about this website | Stats | Polityka prywatnosci
This page was generated in ##czas## s. Size this page: ##rozmiar_strony## kB.